Abubakar Tafawa Balewa
Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, KBE
(December 1912 – 15 January 1966) was a Nigerian
politician, and the first prime minister of an independent Nigeria.
Early life and career
Abubakar Balewa was born late in
1912 in Bauchi,
the son of a district head in the Bauchi divisional district of Lere. Balewa's
father Yakubu Dan Zala was of Gere[1] ethnicity, and his mother
Fatima Inna was half Gere half Fulani.[1]
He started early education at the Koranic
School in Bauchi and like most of his contemporaries, he studied at the Barewa College for further education and soon acquired his teaching
certificate. He returned to Bauchi to teach at the Bauchi Middle School. In
1944, along with a few learned teachers from the north, he was chosen to study
abroad for a year at the University of London's Institute of
Education, which today forms part of University College
London. Upon returning to Nigeria, he
became an Inspector of Schools for the colonial administration and later
entered politics. He was elected in 1946, to the colony's Northern House of
Assembly, and to the Legislative Assembly in 1947. As a legislator, he was a
vocal advocate of the rights of northern Nigeria, and together with Alhaji Ahmadu Bello, who held the hereditary title of Sardauna of Sokoto,
he founded the Northern People's
Congress (NPC).
From self-government to independence
Balewa administration
Balewa entered the government in
1952 as Minister of Works, and later served as Minister of Transport. In 1957,
he was appointed Chief Minister, forming a coalition government between the NPC and the National
Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons
(NCNC), led by Nnamdi Azikiwe. He retained the post as Prime Minister when Nigeria gained
independence in 1960, and was reelected in 1964.
Prior to Nigeria's independence, a constitutional
conference in 1954 had adopted a regional
political framework for the country, with all regions given a considerable
amount of political freedom. The three regions then were composed of diverse cultural
groups. The premiers
and some prominent leaders of the regions later took on a policy of guiding
their regions against political encroachment from other regional leaders. Later
on, this political environment influenced the Balewa administration. His term
in office was turbulent, with regional factionalism constantly threatening his
government.
However, as Prime Minister of Nigeria,
he played important roles in the continent's formative indigenous rule. He was
an important leader in the formation of the Organisation of African Unity and
creating a cooperative relationship with French speaking African countries. He was also instrumental in negotiations between Moise Tshombe and the Congolese authorities during the Congo Crisis of 1960–1964. He led a vocal protest against the Sharpeville Massacre of 1960 and also entered into an alliance with Commonwealth ministers who wanted South Africa to leave the Commonwealth in 1961. However, a treason
charge and conviction against one of the western region's leaders, Obafemi Awolowo, led to protest and condemnation from many of his
supporters. The 1965 election in the region later produced violent protests.
Rioting and violence were soon synchronous with what was perceived as
inordinate political encroachment and an over-exuberant election outcome for
Awolowo's western opponents.
As Prime Minister of Nigeria,
Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, from 1960 to 1961, doubled as Foreign Affairs
advocate of Nigeria. In 1961, the Balewa government created an official Foreign
Affairs and Commonwealth Relations ministerial position in favour of Jaja Wachuku who became, from 1961 to 1965, the first substantive
Nigerian Minister of Foreign Affairs and Commonwealth Relations, later called External Affairs.
Honours
In January 1960, Balewa was knighted
by Elizabeth II as a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire. He
was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Sheffield in May,
1960.[1]
Overthrow
He was overthrown and murdered in a military coup on
January 15, 1966, as were many other leaders,
including his old companion Ahmadu Bello. The circumstances of his death still remain unresolved.
His body was discovered at a roadside near Lagos six days after he was ousted
from office. Balewa was buried in Bauchi. News of his assassination spurred
violent riots throughout Northern Nigeria and ultimately led to the bloody
counter-coup of July 1966.
Today, his portrait adorns the 5 Naira
Note. The Abubakar
Tafawa Balewa University in Bauchi
is named in his honour.
References
- Kperogi, Farooq (22 Jan 2016). "Gere: Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa’s Real Ethnic Group". Daily Trust. Retrieved September 5, 2016.
- Kalu Ezera;, Constitutional Developments in Nigeria: An Analytical Study of Nigeria's Constitution-Making Developments and the Historical and Political Factors That Affected Constitutional Change, 1960
- James S. Olson, Robert S. Shadle; Historical Dictionary of the British Empire, Greenwood Press, 1996
#nationalweekofremembrancefordepartedwriters
No comments:
Post a Comment