Dele
Giwa
Dele
Giwa
(16 March 1947 – 19 October 1986) was a Nigerian journalist, editor and founder of Newswatch magazine.
Early life and career
Sumonu
Oladele "Baines" Giwa was born on 16 March 1947 to a poor family
working in the palace of Oba Adesoji Aderemi, the Ooni of Ife. He attended local
Authority Modern School in Lagere, Ile-lfe. When his father moved to Oduduwa College,
Ile-Ife as a laundry man, he gained admission to that school.[1] Dele Giwa travelled to the USA for his
higher education, earning a BA in English from Brooklyn College in 1977 and enrolled for a Graduate program
at Fordham University. He worked with the New York Times as a news assistant for four years after
which he relocated to Nigeria to work with Daily Times.[2]
Dele
Giwa and fellow journalists Ray Ekpu, Dan Agbese and Yakubu Mohammed founded Newswatch
in 1984, and the first edition was distributed on 28 January 1985.[3] A 1989 description of the magazine said it
"changed the format of print journalism in Nigeria [and] introduced bold,
investigative formats to news reporting in Nigeria".[4] However, in the first few months of the
administration of General Ibrahim Babangida, who took power in August 1985, the magazine
was shamelessly flattering. It printed his face on the cover four times and
even criticised "anyone who attempted to make life unpleasant for
Babangida".[5] Later, the paper took a more hostile view of
the Babangida regime.
Personal life
Giwa
married an American nurse in 1974.[2] His second marriage, to Florence Ita Giwa, lasted 10 months. He later married
Olufunmilayo Olaniyan on 10 July 1984, and they were married until his death in
1986.[6] He was survived by his mother,[7] wives and children.[8]
Assassination
Dele
Giwa was killed by a mail bomb in his Lagos home on 19 October 1986.[9] The assassination occurred two days after he
had been interviewed by State
Security Service
(SSS) officials. In an off-the-record interview with airport journalists, Lt.
Col. A.K Togun, the Deputy Director of the State
Security Service
SSS had claimed that on 9 October Dele Giwa and Alex Ibru had organised a media parley for media
executives and the newly created SSS. Togun claimed that it was at this meeting
that the SSS and the media executives reached a secret censorship agreement.
Under this agreement, the media was to report any story with potential to
embarrass the government to the SSS before they tried to publish same.[10]
Giwa
had been invited by the SSS to their headquarters for the first time on 19
September 1986 after writing an article in which he described the newly
introduced Second-Tier Foreign Exchange Market (SFEM) as "God's
experiment" and suggested that if SFEM failed, the people would will stone
their leaders in the streets. Giwa was interviewed and his statement taken by
two SSS operatives. He was later taken to meet with Lt Col Togun, the deputy
director of the agency in his office. Togun is reported to have told Giwa that
he found nothing offensive in the story as Giwa had also stated in the same
story that he was hopeful that Babangida seemed determined to make SFEM work.[11]
According
to Giwa's neighbour and colleague, Ray Ekpu, on 16 October 1986, Giwa had been
questioned over the telephone by Col Halilu Akilu of the Directorate of Military Intelligence
(DMI) over an allegation that Dele had been heard speaking to some people about
arms importation. SSS officials reportedly summoned Giwa to their headquarters
again on 16 October 1986, and on the next day Ekpu accompanied him to the SSS
headquarters for the interview. Lt. Col Togun accused Giwa and Newswatch of planning to write the
"other side" of the story on Ebitu Ukiwe who was removed as Chief of the General staff, to General Babangida. The magazine had published a cover story
titled, "Power Games: Ukiwe loses out", in its edition of 20 October
which was on sale on 13 October 1986. Togun also accused Giwa plotting with the
Nigeria Labour Congress, NLC, the Academic Staff Union of Universities, ASUU,
and students to carry out a socialist revolution. Giwa was also accused of
saying that Newswatch would employ the suspended police public relations
officer Alozie Ogugbuaja. Ogugbuaja claims that on 16 October 1986, a bomb was
defused by the police bomb squad at his official residence in GRA, Ikeja,
Lagos. Ogugbuaja also said that he suspected that his phone might have been
bugged because Giwa and Ray Ekpu in one of their telephone conversations with
him had indeed promised to employ him in Newswatch if the police dismissed him.[12][13] Ray Ekpu also believed that their houses and
phones may have been bugged because he did discuss employing Ogugbuaja in
Newswatch with dele Giwa over the phone only; he said that he found two bugging
devices in the cover of two books inside his study.[14] Lt. Col. Togun while questioning Giwa had
claimed that he wasn't aware of the fact that Akilu had already questioned Giwa
over the gun running allegations the day before, this was after Giwa had
brought it to his attention.[15]
Giwa
reported the interrogations to his friend Prince Tony Momoh who was then the Minister of Communications,
Giwa had told Momoh that he feared for his life because of the weight of the
accusations levelled against him. According to Ekpu, Momoh "dismissed it
as a joke and said the security men just wanted to rattle him"; Momoh
promised to look into the matter. On 18 October Giwa also spoke to Admiral Augustus Aikhomu, the Chief of General Staff who said he was
familiar with the matter and also promised to look into it.
Later
on 18 October, a day before the bombing, a staff of the DMI had phoned Giwa's
house and asked for his office phone number from his wife Funmi. This same
person from the DMI later called back to say he couldn't reach Giwa at the office
and then put Col Akilu on the line. Ekpu alleges that Akilu asked Giwa's wife
for driving directions to the house and when she asked him why he needed the
directions he explained that he wanted to stop by the house on his way to Kano
and he wasn't very familiar with Ikeja, he also offered that the President's
ADC had something for Giwa, probably an invitation. According to Ekpu this
didn't come as a surprise because Giwa had received advance copies of some of
the President's speeches in the past through Akilu.[10][14]
On
19 October, Giwa phoned Akilu to ask why he had been calling his house the
previous day, Akilu was alleged to have explained that he only wanted to tell
Giwa that the matter had been resolved. Ekpu says Giwa replied Akilu that it
wasn't over and that he had already informed his lawyer, Chief Gani Fawehinmi to follow up on the matter. Akilu then told
Giwa that there was no need for that, that it wasn't a matter for lawyers and
that he should consider the matter resolved.
About
40 minutes after the telephone conversation with Akilu, a package was delivered
to Giwa's guard (the accounts of which vehicle was used to deliver the package
vary). When Giwa received the package, he was with Kayode Soyinka (London Bureau Chief of Newswatch). The
package exploded, mortally wounded Giwa and temporarily deafening Soyinka, who
had excused himself to the rest room shortly before Giwa was supposed to have
attempted opening the package. Giwa was rushed to the hospital where he
eventually died from his wounds.[10]
Investigation, Litigation and Controversy
On
twenty October, the day after the bombing, the government convened a press
conference presided over by Augustus Aikhomu. Before the press conference started, all
press photographers, foreign journalists, and Nigerians that worked for foreign
news media were ordered out. Those left behind were told that the briefing was
"off the record" and Aikhomu would not be entertaining any questions.[16]
Aikhomu
then went on to ask Ismaila Gwarzo, the Director of the SSS and Haliru Akilu to
render their accounts of what had transpired between Dele Giwa and their
agencies in the recent past. Gwarzo confirmed that the SSS had invited Giwa for
questioning over allegations of gun running. Akilu on his part confirmed that
he had called Giwa's home on 18 October to ask for directions to the house so
he could stop over to see Giwa while on his way to Kano through Ikeja airport.
Akilu also said that he had wanted to visit Giwa at home to "prove a Hausa
adage that if you visit someone in his house, you show him you are really a
friend." Ekpu claimed that he remembered Gwarzo saying that the killing
was "quite embarrassing" and also that Tony Momoh had described it as
"a clear case of assassination"; later he was quoted saying, "a
special probe would serve no useful purpose".[17] Graffiti of the time implied a belief that
the SSS had been responsible.[16][18]
In
a newspaper interview years later in retirement, Chris Omeben who at the time
was the Deputy Inspector General of Police (DIG) in charge of the Federal
Investigation and Intelligence Bureau (FIIB) at Alagbon, on his part recalled
that he was the second officer to have handled the case file after he had taken
it over from his predecessor at the FIIB, Victor Pam. Omeben explained that he
had done what any competent investigator would have done in unraveling the
circumstances surrounding the death of Dele Giwa. He went on to say that he had
examined the crime scene and found it suspicious that the toilet adjacent to
the blast site which Kayode Soyinka alleged he was occupying when the explosion
occurred had also suffered damage from the blast but Soyinka was left
unscathed. Omeben described the force of the explosion to have been strong
enough to blow out the steel bars over the toilet window (burglary protection),
which in his own assessment made Soyinka's story less convincing. Omeben also
claims he requested to interview Dan Agbese, Ray Ekpu and Kayode Soyinka. Of
the three, only Agbese turned up, he was later to find out that Soyinka had
fled the country.[19] Omeben also recalled that in the course of
his investigations he had cause to interrogate both Haliru Akilu and Tunde
Togun. According to Omeben Akilu defended Giwa's invitation to the DMI by
saying Giwa was invited to clarify statements he made to a New York daily which
had been assessed as having potential to paint the country in a bad light in
the international press.[20] The only known interview Giwa gave to any
New York daily was one published eight months earlier in a New York times story
about rising religious nationalism and extremism in Nigeria. On the issue of
rising Islamic nationalism, Giwa gave this singular quote in the story, It's
a dangerous, explosive trend,...in the worst case, I see a situation where
die-hard Christians and die-hard Moslems are fighting in the streets.[21] Omeben said he was satisfied with the
reasons Akilu and Togun gave for inviting Giwa.[20]
However,
Soyinka has come out to reply Omeben and accused him of spreading deliberate
falsehood with his comments on him on his involvement with the parcel bomb
incident. In an interview he granted The Nation newspaper of Lagos of Saturday,
19 January 2013, Soyinka strongly denied that he ran to the toilet when the
bomb exploded. He said he did not know where Omeben got that false information
from. When questioned, Soyinka requested to not be required to relive the
experience again.[citation needed]
Omeben
also alleged that he was being pressured into naming Babangida and Akilu as
suspects when he yet had no evidence linking them to the crime. Some of this
pressure led to the formation of a special squad to investigate the case, the
squad was headed by Assistant Commissioner of Police Abubakar Tsav. Omeben
alleges that the then Inspector General of Police Gambo Jimeta has asked him to
leave the case with the Tsav team out of anger at how messy the whole situation
was getting.[19]
Omeben
also spoke about certain "fixations" in the minds of the general
public about the case, in his own words "...There is the tendency for
people to make up their minds as to what they want to see or hear. It may not
necessarily be the truth and once they are so fixated, every other thing that
somebody else would say would not mean anything to them. Dele Giwa's case
suffered such a fixation".[19]
In
testimony that he gave on 3 July 2001 before the Justice Oputa led Human Rights
Violations Investigations Commission (HRVIC), Tsav alleged that the government
stonewalled his investigation into the assassination. Tsav claimed that he was
not granted permission to question key actors involved, including Tunde Togun, Ismaila Gwarzo and Haliru Akilu. He also said that he had
requested that the privileges of these officers be withdrawn so he could take
their statements and conduct a search of their offices and residences for items
of evidential value but this request was denied. Tsav averred that in his final
report, he had concluded that there was enough circumstantial evidence to
accuse the duo of Togun and Akilu of conspiracy to murder but still the
government did not make these two officers available for interrogation or a
voice identification as he had requested.[22]
Tsav
claims that he handed the case file back to Chris Omeben. Tsav alleged that
none of his recommendations were implemented, the case file was never returned
to him and that there was no evidence that the case was transferred to another
officer or agency. Tsav said he believed Giwa was killed because he believed
Giwa was in "the way of some powerful forces".[22]
After
the investigation stalled, various conspiracy theories arose to explain why
Giwa was killed. One of the most popular and still the most enduring has been
the Gloria Okon connection. Gloria Okon was a Lady who was arrested in 1985 at
the Aminu Kano International airport on suspicion of drug
smuggling. Soon after, the it was alleged that she had died in custody, the
government subsequently constituted a commission of inquiry to investigate the
matter.[23]
Conspiracy
theorists allege that Gloria Okon was a drug mule working for the wife of
General Ibrahim Babangida who was then the Minister
of Defence in the regime of General Muhammadu Buhari. The theorists allege that
during interrogation Okon had claimed that she worked for highly placed
Nigerians, in particular Babangida's wife. The theory goes on that Babangida
spirited Okon out of detention to the United Kingdom, sold the public the ruse
of a dead Gloria Okon and that Dele Giwa happened upon Okon on a trip to the UK
where she told him her story. The story goes on that armed with this
information, Giwa tried to blackmail the now Military President, Ibrahim
Babangida and this was why he was killed. This blackmail theory might not be
unconnected with the off-the-record interview that Lt Col A.K Togun gave to
airport correspondents of the Guardian on 27 October 1986. In the interview,
when asked about Dele Giwa's killing and the suspicion in the public that he
was killed by the government, Togun was quoted as saying "...one person
cannot come out to blackmail us. I am an expert in blackmail. I can blackmail
very well. I studied propaganda so no one person can come and blackmail us
after an agreement...". Togun's statement was in the context of the secret
agreement reached by Giwa and other media executives at the 9 October meeting,
he seemed to accuse Giwa of reneging on the agreement leading to Giwa being
invited for questioning on 16 October. Theorists also allege that Babangida's
drug running activities were brought to the attention of the Buhari-Idiagbon
regime which led the regime to slate him for retirement on 1 October 1985. They
also say that it was his impending retirement that inspired him to plan the
coup that toppled Buhari in August 1985.[16][24]
Giwa's
colleagues at Newswatch have debunked this theory
and deny any link between Giwa, Gloria Okon and Mrs. Babangida. In a Newswatch
interview marking the twenty fifth anniversary of the magazine, one of the
founding partners of the organisation Yakubu Mohammed explained the
Giwa-Newswatch-Gloria Okon link. Mohammed claims that Dele Giwa had not been
writing any Gloria Okon story and that the closest Newswatch got to a Gloria
Okon story was at one of the magazine's editorial conferences where a Newswatch
reporter, Bose lasaki, who was a niece to President Olusegun Obasanjo spoke about a "rumour" making the
rounds to the effect that Gloria Okon had not died in detention but had been
spirited out of the country. Mohammed claimed that Lasaki's story was dismissed
off-hand but that she was asked to find out more about the rumour. Lasaki was
alleged to have returned for the next editorial conference the following week
and declared that there was no substance to the rumour. Mohammed alleged that
Giwa was not at any of these meetings. The Ibrahim Babangida drug running angle was also called into
question by revelations made by the embittered former head of the National
Security Organization
(NSO), Alhaji Mohammed Lawal Rafindadi. In 1985, following a request by the Supreme
Military Council,
the NSO under Rafindadi investigated Babangida and found him complicit of
forgery and activities inimical to national security. This issue arose as a
result of Babangida and his in-law, Mr Sunny Okogwu's interest in an arms
manufacturing venture in Kaduna called Black Gold. The
SMC, based on the NSO's findings slated Babangida for retirement.[25][26] The only witness to the events shortly
before the bomb exploded, Mr Kayode Soyinka had alleged that the package had a
label with the seal of the Nigerian President and also claimed that the label
indicated that it was from the office of the president. However, no other
witness has corroborated this claim, Giwa's 17-year-old son, Billy, who had
delivered the package to Giwa has never corroborated this claim. Mr Soyinka's
testimony about the events prior to and after the bombing have also been
brought into question, there have been accusations made to the effect that he
might have been the same person that detonated the bomb by remote control as he
was not injured in the explosion.[27]
Mr
Soyinka is also alleged to have given conflicting accounts of the events to the
Police and media outlets, he is also accused of fleeing the country while
investigations were ongoing.[27] To the accusation of fleeing the country,
Soyinka has this to say in that his interview with The Nation (Saturday, 19
January 2013): "Dele was very close to his mother. He did not joke with
her at all. It was an honour for me to have met her. The last time I saw her
was at Dele's burial in their village near Auchi, in Edo State.[7] I was there live with my wife contrary to
the erroneous story of Babangida's government's mischief makers who tried to
deceive the Nigerian people in order to exonerate the government from the
assassination of Dele Giwa, saying that I had fled the country. They
deliberately spread all kinds of falsehood, ignoring even newspaper reports and
pictures of myself and my wife in attendance at the burial. And mind you, how
could I have fled the country? My wife and children were not in Nigeria with me
when the bomb exploded, they had to take the next available flight to Nigeria
to join me. Yet, Babangida's men said I fled the country. And my family and I
remained in the country throughout the whole period of the controversy and
burial arrangement. We returned to London together through the former British
Caledonian Airways, through Muritala Mohammed Airport. There was no way we
could have left quietly. We were accompanied to and seen off at the airport by
friends, including the Newswatch editors, and family. The airline people
recognised us. Our two children were still small then. The air hostesses took
them from us, played with them, and they were asking me if I was feeling better
– knowing the trauma one must have been through in the past weeks, and took us straight
and right inside the aircraft, even before checking in other passengers. Yet
the Babangida men kept saying, even till today, that I fled the country. Can
you imagine?"[citation
needed]
Giwa's
lawyer was also accused of prematurely accusing the government of Dele Giwa's
murder thereby truncating the investigation into the case, Newswatch Magazine
in an edition of 5 November 1986 disowned Fawehimni.[27]
The
subsequent court cases instituted by Fawehinmi against the government to enable
him try the case as a private prosecutor after the Director of Public
Prosecution, Mrs. Eniola Fadayomi had refused to prosecute based on the
evidence available were mostly unsuccessful. An excerpt of the Judgement by the
then Lagos State Chief Judge, Justice Candido Johnson reads thus "...Even
if one considers the reasonableness of time, I would say that the incident that
gave birth to the death of the late Dele Giwa is not only unique in its form
but also complex and would require sufficient time to conduct detailed and
balanced investigation, a report on which the appropriate authority would
reasonably act. The timing here appears hasty and premature. It appears
impulsive without giving reasonable time and chance for a detailed and balanced
investigation into this sordid incident. In the circumstances and having regard
to the review made above, it is my ruling that this (ex-parte) application is
misconceived and it is therefore dismissed. Leave to apply for mandamus is
hereby refused."[27]
Fawehinmi
went on to the Supreme Court and got a favourable
judgement which enabled him go back to the Lagos State High Court, this judgement also mandated the Justice
Candido to recuse himself from the case and appoint another judge to hear the
case. On 23 February 1988, Justice Longe ruled that the two security officers,
Lt. Col Tunde Togun and Col. Haliru Akilu could not be tried for the murder of
Dele Giwa. In his ruling Justice Longe averred among other things
that,"...the Attorney general did not oppose the objection raised by
counsel to the 'accused' persons, Chief Rotimi Williams, on the ground that the
information was filed by private prosecutor (Chief Gani Fawehinmi) when the information had not been completed
and especially when the 'INFORMATION IMPLICATED ONE OF THE PROSECUTION WITNESSES'(Kayode
Soyinka)...the proof of evidence before the Court was mere HEARSAY…. Based on
the evidence available before the court, it will be an abuse of the process of
court to call the two security chiefs for trial. The information is therefore
quashed accordingly."[27] Kayode Soyinka was represented in court by
Kayode Sofola SAN, representing the chambers of Kehinde Sofola SAN, that
succeeded to getting the court to rule as frivolous the reference to Soyinka
being "implicated". The court also ordered that cost be paid Soyinka
by the 'accused' persons.[citation needed]
In
2001, General Ibrahim Babangida refused to testify before a national human
rights commission about the Giwa murder. Babangida, Hakilu and Togun went to
court and obtained an order restraining the commission from summoning them to
appear before it. The Chairman of the commission commented that the commission
had the power to issue arrest warrants for the trio but decided against this
"in the over-all interest of national reconciliation".[28][29]
In
2008 along with other activists such as Fela Anikulapo-Kuti and Ken Saro Wiwa, the Government of Nigeria named a street in the New Federal Capital Abuja after Dele Giwa.[30]
References
· · Ndaeyo Uko (2004). Romancing the gun: the press as promoter of military rule. Africa World Press.
p. 100. ISBN 1-59221-189-5.
· · James Phillip Jeter (1996). International Afro mass media: a reference guide. Greenwood Publishing
Group. p. 30. ISBN 0-313-28400-8.
· · Lyn S. Graybill; Kenneth W. Thompson;
White Burkett Miller Center (1998). Africa's second wave of freedom: development, democracy,
and rights.
University Press of America. p. 150. ISBN 0-7618-1071-4.
· · Ugochukwu Ejinkeonye (31 May 2007). "Florence Ita-Giwa: What Next?". Nigerians in America.
Retrieved 24 June 2011.
· · Tony Osauzo (February 17, 2013). "Dele
Giwa’s mother laid to rest beside son’s grave". Sun News.
· · "Dele Giwa: Fond memories for first Nigerian letter
bomb victim". The Vanguard. Retrieved March 26, 2014.
· · Lyn S. Graybill; Kenneth W. Thompson;
White Burkett (1998). Africa's second wave of freedom: development, democracy,
and rights.
University Press of America. p. 121ff. ISBN 0-7618-1071-4.
· · John Downing (2001). Radical media: rebellious communication and social
movements.
SAGE. p. 123. ISBN 0-8039-5699-1.
· Agency report. "Ex-DIG Omeben opens up on Dele
Giwa assassination". Premium Times. Retrieved
26 October 2015.
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