J. F. ADE AJAYI
Jacob Festus
Adeniyi Ajayi, commonly
known as J. F. Ade Ajayi, (26 May 1929 – 9 August 2014) was a Nigerian
historian and a member of the Ibadan school, a group of
scholars interested in introducing African perspectives to African history and focusing
on the internal historical forces that shaped African lives. Ade Ajayi favours
the use of historical continuity more often than focusing on events only as
powerful agents of change that can move the basic foundations of cultures and
mould them into new ones.[1] Instead, he sees many critical events
in African life, sometimes as weathering episodes which still leave some parts
of the core of Africans intact. He also employs a less passionate style in his
works, especially in his early writings, using subtle criticism of
controversial issues of the times.
Biography
Ajayi was born in Ikole-Ekiti on 26
May 1929,[2]
his father was a personal assistant of the Oba of Ikole during the era of Native Authorities. He started
education at St Paul's School, Ikole, at the age of five. He then proceeded to
Ekiti Central School (now Christ's School Ado Ekiti) for preparation as a pupil teacher. However, after hearing
from a friend about Igbobi
College in Lagos, he decided to try his luck and applied. Thereafter, he
gained admission into the college, and equipped with a scholarship from the
Ikole Ekiti Native authority, he went to Lagos for secondary education. After
completing his studies at Igbobi, he gained admission to the University of
Ibadan, where he was to pick between History, Latin or English for his degree.
He chose History.[3] In 1952, he travelled abroad and studied at Leicester University, under the tutelage of Professor Jack Simmons, a brilliant Oxford-trained historian. In 1956 he married Christie Ade Ajayi
née Martins.[4] After graduation, he was a research fellow at the Institute
of Historical Research, London from 1957–1958. He later returned to Nigeria and
joined the history department of the University of Ibadan.
In 1964, he was made Dean of Arts at
the University and later promoted a deputy Vice-Chancellor. After his stint as
deputy Vice-Chancellor, he was made the Vice-Chancellor of the University of Lagos
in 1972. During his tenure, several buildings were constructed and improvements
were made to student accommodation. King Jaja hall was built in 1973 and
extensions were made to Queen Amina and Queen Moremi halls respectively.[5] The twilight of his career as Vice-Chancellor was a
controversial one, the then Obasanjo regime had introduced some student fees to the dismay of
the students, who demanded free education. Students then decided to riot, a
situation which was termed Ali must go. During the protest and riots, a student
named Akintunde Ojo was shot by the police. At the time his mother was rumoured
to be a mistress of Obasanjo. The ensuing protest by students against the
killing led opportunists to seize the situation and cause mayhem. In 1978, he
was arbitrarily relieved of his position and returned to Ibadan, where he
continued his effort in historical scholarship.
In 1993, Ajayi was awarded the
"Distinguished Africanist Award" by the African Studies Association.[6] In 1994, he became an Honorary Fellow of SOAS.[7] On 9 August 2014, he died at the age of 85 and was buried
in his native Ikole Ekiti.[5][8]
An
Early Writer of African history
As an early writer of Nigerian and
African history, though not a pioneer like Kenneth
Dike, Ajayi brought considerable respect
to the Ibadan School and African research. He is known for the arduous
research and rigorous effort he puts into his work. By extensive use of oral sources in some of his works such as pre-twentieth century Yoruba history, he was able to weigh, balance and assay each and
all of his sources, uncovering a pathway towards facts in the period which was
scarce in written and non-prejudiced forms.[9] Ajayi also tries to be dispassionate in his writings,
especially when writing about controversial or passionate subjects in African
history. In an article on the history of Yoruba writing, he was able to
appraise critically and with resignation, Samuel Ajayi Crowther, a hero to Ade Ajayi. His style of rigorous research
presented new pathways in African historiography and augmented awareness among
scholarly circles outside the continent to African methodologies and perceptions.
By weighing sources both written and oral, he was able to find new issues of
interest that formed the basis of British colonisation of Lagos, balancing official British documentation
of the event with additional material.
Another theme in many of his works
is nationalism. Ajayi sees religious currents as setting the foundation for
modern Nigerian nationalism. The Fulani
Jihad of the early twentieth century set
a basis for a common front, while Christian missionaries such as CMS, had laid
the foundation for a movement towards unity in the south. The missionaries also
established schools that created a new educated class who later broke with the
Europeans and fought for a new social and political order. However, the new
order embraced European contemporary social, political and economic structures
as ideals of the new society.
Ajayi, however, with gradation has
expressed a much more critical stance on the need to embrace Pan-Africanism as the foundation of nationalism.
Works
- Yoruba Warfare in the Nineteenth century. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England 1964.
- Christian Missions in Nigeria, 1841–1891: The Making of a New elite.
- Editor, General History of Africa, vol. VI, UNESCO, 1989.
- Co-Editor, A Thousand Years of West African History.
- Co-Editor with Michael Crowder: History of West Africa, Longman, London 1971. ISBN 0-231-04103-9.
References
·
J. I. Dibua The Idol, Its Worshippers, and the Crisis of Relevance of
Historical Scholarship in Nigeria, History in Africa, Vol. 24 (1997)
·
·
A Historian at 75, The News, 10 May 2004
·
·
Tayo Popoola. "Ade
Ajayi: Architect of modern UNILAG". The Nigerian Tribune. Archived from the
original on 8 October 2014. Retrieved 2
March 2014.
· ""Distinguished
Africanist Award 2009" African Studies Association".
Archived from the original on 28 July 2009. Retrieved 12 October 2009.
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